1.
Picot MC, Baldy-Moulinier M, Daures JP, et al. The prevalence of epilepsy and pharmacoresistant epilepsy in adults : A population-based study in a Western European country. Epilepsia 2008; 49 : 1230–8.
2.
Schuele SU, Luders HO. Intractable epilepsy : management and therapeutic alternatives. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7 : 514–24.
3.
Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Commission on classification and terminology of the international league against epilepsy. Epilepsia 1989; 30 : 389–99.
4.
French JA, Kanner AM, Bautista J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I : treatment of new onset epilepsy : report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee and quality standards subcommittee of the American academy of neurology and the American epilepsy society. Neurology 2004; 62 : 1252–60.
5.
Landmark CJ. Targets for antiepileptic drugs in the synapse. Med Sci Monit 2007; 13 : RA1–7.
6.
French JA, Kanner AM, Bautista J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II : treatment of refractory epilepsy : report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee and quality standards subcommittee of the American academy of neurology and the American epilepsy society. Neurology 2004; 62 : 1261–73.
7.
Freeman JM, Vining EP, Pillas DJ, et al. The efficacy of the ketogenic diet-1998 : a prospective evaluation of intervention in 150 children. Pediatrics 1998; 102 : 1358–63.
8.
Vining EP, Freeman JM, Ballaban-Gil K, et al. A multicenter study of the efficacy of the ketogenic diet. Arch Neurol 1998; 55 : 1433–7.
9.
Kwiterovich PO Jr, Vining EP, Pyzik P, et al. Effect of a high-fat ketogenic diet on plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in children. JAMA 2003; 290 : 912–20.
10.
Fuehrlein BS, Rutenberg MS, Silver JN, et al. Differential metabolic effects of saturated versus polyunsaturated fats in ketogenic diets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89 : 1641–5.
11.
Bough KJ, Rho JM. Anticonvulsant mechanisms of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia 2007; 48 : 43–58.
12.
Tinoco J. Dietary requirements and functions of alpha-linolenic acid in animals. Prog Lipid Res 1982; 21 : 1–45.
13.
Bourre JM, Dumont O, Piciotti M, et al. Essentiality of omega 3 fatty acids for brain structure and function. World Rev Nutr Diet 1991; 66 : 103–17.
14.
Haag M. Essential fatty acids and the brain. Can J Psychiatry 2003; 48 : 195–203.
15.
Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Mostofsky DI. Effects of essential fatty acids preparation (SR-3) on brain biochemistery and on behavioral and cognitive functions. In : Yehuda S, Mostofsky DI, eds. Handbook of essential fatty acids biology : biochemistery, physiology and behavioral neurobiology. Totowa, New Jersey : Humana Press, 1997 : 427–52.
16.
Xiao Y, Li X. Polyunsaturated fatty acids modify mouse hippocampal neuronal excitability during excitotoxic or convulsant stimulation. Brain Res 1999; 846 : 112–21.
17.
Young C, Gean PW, Chiou LC, Shen YZ. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits synaptic transmission and epileptiform activity in the rat hippocampus. Synapse 2000; 37 : 90–4.
18.
Yehuda S, Carasso RL, Mostofsky DI. Essential fatty acid preparation (SR-3) raises the seizure threshold in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 254 : 193–8.
19.
Rabinovitz S, Mostofsky DI, Yehuda S. Anticonvulsant efficiency, behavioral performance and cortisol levels : a comparison of carbamazepine (CBZ) and a fatty acid compound (SR-3). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004; 29 : 113–24.
20.
Taha AY, Baghiu BM, Lui R, et al. Lack of benefit of linoleic and alpha-linolenic polyunsaturated fatty acids on seizure latency, duration, severity or incidence in rats. Epilepsy Res 2006; 71 : 40–6.
21.
Voskuyl RA, Vreugdenhil M, Kang JX, Leaf A. Anticonvulsant effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids in rats, using the cortical stimulation model. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 341 : 145–52.
22.
Lauritzen I, Blondeau N, Heurteaux C, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are potent neuroprotectors. EMBO J 2000; 19 : 1784–93.
23.
Taha AY, Huot PS, Reza-Lopez S, et al. Seizure resistance in fat-1 transgenic mice endogenously synthesizing high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Neurochem 2008; 105 : 380–8.
24.
Porta N, Bourgois B, Galabert C et al. Anticonvulsant effects of linolenic acid are unrelated to brain phospholipid cell membrane compositions. Epilepsia 2008; 22 novembre online.
25.
Youdim KA, Martin A, Joseph JA. Essential fatty acids and the brain : possible health implications. Int J Dev Neurosci 2000; 18 : 383–99.
26.
Fernstrom JD. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on neuronal function. Lipids 1999; 34 : 161–9.
27.
Vreugdenhil M, Bruehl C, Voskuyl RA, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate sodium and calcium currents in CA1 neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93 : 12559–63.
28.
Xiao YF, Kang JX, Morgan JP, Leaf A. Blocking effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on Na+ channels of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92 : 11000–4.
29.
Xiao YF, Gomez AM, Morgan JP, et al. Suppression of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ currents by polyunsaturated fatty acids in adult and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94 : 4182–7.
30.
Poling JS, Vicini S, Rogawski MA, Salem N Jr. Docosahexaenoic acid block of neuronal voltage-gated K+ channels : subunit selective antagonism by zinc. Neuropharmacology 1996; 35 : 969–82.
31.
Keros S, McBain CJ. Arachidonic acid inhibits transient potassium currents and broadens action potentials during electrographic seizures in hippocampal pyramidal and inhibitory interneurons. J Neurosci 1997; 17 : 3476–87.
32.
Xu XP, Erichsen D, Borjesson SI, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cerebrospinal fluid from children on the ketogenic diet open a voltage-gated K channel : a putative mechanism of antiseizure action. Epilepsy Res 2008; 80 : 57–66.
33.
Auvin S, Sankar R. Inflammation, epilepsy, and anti-inflammatory therapies. In : Pellock JM, Bourgeois B, Dodson W, Nordli DR Jr, Sankar R, eds. Pediatric epilepsy : diagnosis and therapy. New York : Demos Medical Publishing, 2008.
34.
Calder PC. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83 : S1505–19.
35.
Simopoulos AP. Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. J Am Coll Nutr 2002; 21 : 495–505.
36.
Gottrand F. Acides gras polyinsaturéset immunité. Arch Pediatr 2007; 14 : 5–7.
37.
Schlanger S, Shinitzky M, Yam D. Diet enriched with omega-3 fatty acids alleviates convulsion symptoms in epilepsy patients. Epilepsia 2002; 43 : 103–4.
38.
Yuen AW, Sander JW, Fluegel D, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with chronic epilepsy : a randomized trial. Epilepsy Behav 2005; 7 : 253–8.
39.
Bromfield E, Dworetzky B, Hurwitz S, et al. A randomized trial of polyunsaturated fatty acids for refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2008; 12 : 187–90.
40.
Spirer Z, Koren L, Finkelstein A, Jurgenson U. Prevention of febrile seizures by dietary supplementation with N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Med Hypotheses 1994; 43 : 43–5.
41.
Ruxton CH, Reed SC, Simpson MJ, Millington KJ. The health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids : a review of the evidence. J Hum Nutr Diet 2007; 20 : 275–85.
42.
Bourre JM. Acides gras oméga-3 et troubles psychiatriques. Med Sci (Paris) 2005; 21 : 216–21.
43.
Girard C, Lesage F. Canaux K2P neuronaux : aspects moléculaires et fonctionnels. Med Sci (Paris) 2004; 20 : 544–9.
44.
Beauchamp E, Rioux V, Legrand P. Acide myristique : nouvelles fonctions de régulation et de signalisation. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25 : 57–63.