1.
Christiansen
C.
Consensus development conference: diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis . Am J Med.
1993; ; 94 : :464.–650.
2.
Ott
SM
,
Kilcoyne
RF
,
Chesnut
CH
3rd
. Ability of four different techniques of measuring bone mass to diagnose vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women . J Bone Miner Res.
1987; ; 2 : :201.–210.
3.
Schuit
SC
,
van der Klift
M
,
Weel
AE
, et al.
Fracture incidence and association with bone mineral density in elderly men and women: the Rotterdam Study . Bone.
2004; ; 34 : :195.–202.
4.
Black
DM
,
Thompson
DE
,
Bauer
DC
, et al.
Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the fracture intervention trial. FIT Research Group . J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2000; ; 85 : :4118.–4124.
5.
Benhamou
CL
,
Lespessailles
E
,
Jacquet
G
, et al.
Fractal organization of trabecular bone images on calcaneus radiographs . J Bone Miner Res.
1994; ; 9 : :1909.–1918.
6.
Geraets
WGM
,
Van der Stelt
PF
,
Lips
P
, et al.
Orientation of the trabecular pattern of the distal radius around the menopause . J Biomech.
1997; ; 30 : :363.–370.
7.
Lespessailles
E
,
Gadois
C
,
Lemineur
G
, et al.
Bone texture analysis on direct digital radiographic images: precision study and relationship with bone mineral density at the os calcis . Calcif Tissue Int.
2007; ; 80 : :97.–102.
8.
Vokes
T
,
Lauderdale
D
,
Ma
SL
, et al.
Radiographic texture analysis of densitometric calcaneal images: relationship to clinical characteristics and to bone fragility . J Bone Miner Res.
2010; ; 25 : :56.–63.
9.
Hans
D
,
Goertzen
AL
,
Krieg
MA
, et al.
Bone microarchitecture assessed by TBS predicts osteoporotic fractures independent of bone density: the Manitoba study . J Bone Miner Res.
2011; ; 26 : :2762.–2769.
10.
Hans
D
,
Barthe
N
,
Boutroy
S
, et al.
Correlations between trabecular bone score, measured using anteroposterior dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry acquisition, and 3-dimensional parameters of bone microarchitecture: an experimental study on human cadaver vertebrae . J Clin Densitom.
2011; ; 14 : :302.–312.
11.
Boutroy
S
,
Bouxsein
ML
,
Munoz
F
, et al.
In vivo assessment of trabecular bone microarchitecture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography . J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2005; ; 90 : :6508.–6515.
12.
Patsch
JM
,
Burghardt
AJ
,
Kazakia
G
,
Majumdar
S.
Noninvasive imaging of bone microarchitecture . Ann NY Acad Sci.
2011; ; 1240 : :77.–87.
13.
Kazakia
GJ
,
Majumdar
S.
New imaging technologies in the diagnosis of osteoporosis . Rev Endocr Metab Disord.
2006; ; 7 : :67.–74.
14.
Banerjee
S
,
Han
ET
,
Krug
R
, et al.
Application of refocused steady-state free-precession methods at 1.5 and 3 T to in vivo high-resolution MRI of trabecular bone: simulations and experiments . J Magn Reson Imaging.
2005; ; 21 : :818.–825.
15.
Krug
R
,
Carballido-Gamio
J
,
Banerjee
S
, et al.
In vivo bone and cartilage MRI using fully-balanced steady-state free-precession at 7 tesla . Magn Reson Med.
2007; ; 58 : :1294.–1298.
16.
Peyrin
F
,
Muller
C
,
Carillon
Y
, et al.
Synchrotron radiation microCT: a reference tool for the characterization of bone samples . Adv Exp Med Biol.
2001; ; 496 : :129.–142.
17.
Chappard
C
,
Peyrin
F
,
Bonnassie
A
, et al.
Subchondral bone micro architectural alterations in osteoarthritis: a synchrotron micro computed tomography study . Osteoarth Cartilage.
2006; ; 14 : :215.–223.
18.
Nuzzo
S
,
Lafage-Proust
MH
,
Martin-Badosa
E
, et al.
Synchrotron radiation microtomography allows the analysis of three-dimensional microarchitecture and degree of mineralization of human iliac crest biopsy specimens: effects of etidronate treatment . J Bone Miner Res.
2002; ; 17 : :1372.–1382.
19.
Chappard
C
,
Basillais
A
,
Benhamou
CL
, et al.
Assessment of trabecular bone microarchitecture from synchrotron radiation and conventional X-ray micro computed tomography: a comparative study on human femoral heads . Med Phys.
2006; ; 33 : :3568.–3577.
20.
Muller
R
,
Van Campenhout
H
,
Van Damme
B
, et al.
Morphometric analysis of human bone biopsies: a quantitative structural comparison of histological sections and micro computed tomography . Bone.
1998; ; 23 : :59.–66.
21.
Akhter
MP
,
Lappe
JM
,
Davies
KM
,
Recker
RR.
Transmenopausal changes in the trabecular bone structure . Bone.
2007; ; 41 : :111.–116.
22.
Recker
R
,
Masarachia
P
,
Santora
A
, et al.
Trabecular bone microarchitecture after alendronate treatment of osteoporotic women . Curr Med Res Opin.
2005; ; 21 : :85.–94.
23.
Hopper
TA
,
Meder
R
,
Pope
JM.
Comparison of high-resolution MRI, optical microscopy and SEM for quantitation of trabecular architecture in the rat femur . Magn Reson Imaging.
2004; ; 22 : :953.–961.
24.
Parfitt
AM
,
Drezner
MK
,
Glorieux
FH
, et al.
Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units. Report of the ASBMR histomorphometry nomenclature committee . J Bone Miner Res.
1987; ; 2 : :595.–610.
25.
Lorensen
WE.
Cline HE Marching cubes: a high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm . Computer graphics.
1987; ; 21 : :7.–12.
26.
Hildebrand
T
,
Ruegsegger
P.
A new method for the model independent assessment of thickness in three dimensional images . J Microscop.
1997; ; 185 : :67.–75.
27.
Ulrich
D
,
van Rietbergen
B
,
Laib
A
, et al.
The ability of three-dimensional structural indices to reflect mechanical aspects of trabecular bone . Bone.
1999; ; 25 : :55.–60.
28.
Dufresne
TE
,
Chmielewski
PA
,
Manhart
MD
, et al.
Risedronate preserves bone architecture in early postmenopausal women in 1 year as measured by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography . Calcif Tissue Int.
2003; ; 73 : :423.–432.
29.
Feldkamp
LA
,
Goldstein
SA
,
Parfitt
AM
, et al.
The direct examination of three-dimensional bone architecture in vitro by computed tomography . J Bone Miner Res.
1989; ; 4 : :3.–11.
30.
Kinney
JH
,
Ladd
AJ.
The relationship between three-dimensional connectivity and the elastic properties of trabecular bone . J Bone Miner Res.
1998; ; 13 : :839.–845.
31.
Hahn
M
,
Vogel
M
,
Pompesius-Kempa
M
,
Delling
G.
Trabecular bone pattern factor-a new parameter for simple quantification of bone microarchitecture . Bone.
1992; ; 13 : :327.–330.
32.
Hildebrand
T
,
Ruegsegger
P.
Quantification of bone microarchitecture with the structure model index . Comp Meth Biochem Biomed Eng.
1997; ; 1 : :15.–23.
33.
Ding
M
,
Hvid
I.
Quantification of age-related changes in the structure model type and trabecular thickness of human tibial cancellous bone . Bone.
2000; ; 26 : :291.–295.
34.
Odgaard
A.
Three dimensional methods for quantification of cancellous bone architecture . Bone.
1997; ; 20 : :315.–328.
35.
Haralick
RM
,
K Shanmugam
K
,
I
Dinstein.
Textural Features for Image Classification . IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern.
1973; ; 6 : :610.–621.
36.
Durand
E
,
Ruegsegger
P.
Cancellous bone structure: Analysis of high-resolution CT images with the run-length method . J Comp Ass Tomog.
1991; ; 15 : :133.–139.
37.
Ranjanomennahary
P
,
Ghalila
SS
,
Malouche
D
, et al.
Comparison of radiograph-based texture analysis and bone mineral density with three-dimensional microarchitecture of trabecular bone . Med Phys.
2011; ; 38 : :420.–428.